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The disease known as diabetes affects a majority of people in our world today. People within the 10 to 70 year age groups suffer from this disease. A decrease in the hormone known as insulin is the cause of diabetic disease. The pancreas of the body has certain cells which insulin is secreted by. When food is eaten it breaks into small particles called glucose, which is a sugar thereby giving the energy to the body. Glucose is helped by the insulin in moving into the body’s cells. If the body does not secrete insulin, then it cannot move through the cells. This causes an increase in the content of sugar or the glucose and leads to diabetes disease.

Diabetes is prevalent in people around the world in its 2 forms: First is Type 1 diabetes - this type of diabetes is found in people with no production of insulin their body which ultimately results in increased level of blood sugar. Second is Type 2 diabetes - this type of diabetes is found in people whose body can somehow secrete insulin but the insulin is not used efficiently.

Weight loss, frequent and excessive urination, blurred vision, stress, irritation, heart problems, Kidney failure, are some of the symptoms of the disease. Some of the causes of diabetes are obesity, increased amount of sugar intake, excessive level of cholesterol, etc. It may also be caused due to hereditary factors. Type 1 diabetes may give invitation to Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in the body. This is due to the fact that low level of glucose in the blood leads to hypoglycaemia while higher level of glucose in the blood leads to Hyperglycemia.

Diabetes management involves taking required medications, exercising regularly, following a diabetic friendly diet, controlling your stress levels; dialysis of the kidneys or for more advanced types, transplants may also be a form of necessary treatment. Maintaining a diet which is balanced well is very important in keeping glucose blood levels controlled. A diet which is balanced well includes nutritious, healthy foods that are also low in fats, cholesterols and sugars. Vegetables that are leafy and green are great choices and sources of nutrition. People who have Diabetes Type 1 take insulin as it is the best drug treatment for them. The disease can be controlled by exercising which increases sensitivity of the body to insulin, which then lets the levels of glucose become maintained. If the supra cited treatments are not effective then medications can be prescribed to take orally in diabetes.

Diabetes treatment also includes the replacement of insulin. Single-dose, mixed-dose, split mixed dose and multiple dose are some of the courses of replacement of insulin. The process for insulin replacement follows absorption of insulin into the blood through the injection of insulin shots into the skin below the fat. Multiple doses of insulin are given through insulin pumps which are easily available. Presently, Diabetes treatment is also given though Islet transplants, kidney transplants and pancreas transplants.

A new painless mode of treatment is in the process of development by the scientists. It is made from the stem-cell technology and can be brought in use within a few years. This mode of treatment of diabetes follows the path of mice getting injected with the human embryonic stem cells. This treatment will be very helpful in removing the use of insulin shots by the diabetes patients. In Australia, almost 1,30,000 people have the diabetes problem who bring the insulin shots in their daily use. Hence, the new stem cell technology would come forward as a blessing to those people. This technology requires some more years from now to come into existence.